unit 5

Intelligence 

• the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Factor Analysis

• A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test

Charles Spearman used F A to discovery his general intelligence

Multiple Intelligenc

•  Howard Gardner disagreed with Spear man's g and instead came up with the concept of multiple intelligence

Gardners Multiple Intelligences:

• Visual/Spatial,Verbal/Lunguistic,Logical/Mathematical

Sternberg three aspects of intelligence

• Gardner Simplified,Analytically (academic problem solving),Creative (generating novel ideas),Practical (required for everyday task where multiple solutions exist)

Emotional Intelligence

• The ability to perceive express understand and regulate emotions

How do we Assess intelligence?

• Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon set out to figure out The concept called a mental age (what a person a particular age should know)
• They discovered that by discovering someones mental age they can predict future performance
• Hoped they could use test to help children, not label them
• Modern Tests of Mental Abilities
• Welsher Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) consists of 11 sub tests and cues us in to strengths by using factor analysis

Aptitude v. Achievement tests

• Aptitude: A test designed to predict a persons future performance
• The ability for that person to learn
• Achievement: A test designed to assess what a person has learned

How do we construct Intelligence tests?

• Teats must be Standardized, Reliable, Valid
• Standardization: The test must be pretested to a representative sample of people and form a normal distributions or bell curve
• Flynn Effect: Intelligence test performance has been rising
• Reliability: The extent which a test yields consistent results over time
• Split halves or test retest method
• Valadity: The extent to which is a text to measure what it is supposed to measure
• Content Validity:  does the test sample at behavior of interest

Extremes of Intelligence

• Grouo differences in intelligenxe test scores
• The bell curve is different for whites v. black
• math scores are dufferent across genders and the highest scores are for the asian males
• Why? nature or nature

prototypes:

• or best example of a category

Algorithms:

•  a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem

Match problem

• fixation:  The inability to see a problem from a new perspective
• Mental Set:A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way especially if it has worked in the past

Types of Heyristics

• overconfidence: The tendency to be more confident than correct overestimate the accuracy of your beliefs and judgments
• cognition: another term for thinking knowing and remembering

how to resolve problems?

• heuristics:  role of thumb strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently