Eating Disorder

• Bulimia Nervosa -characterized by binging( Eating large amounts of food) and purging ( Getting rid of the food)

• Anorexia Nervosa -starve themselves to below 85% of their normal body weight

• Obesity-severly overweight to the point where it causes health issues

Motivation and Emotion

·         Motivation- a psychological process that directs and maintains your behavior toward a goal.

·         Motives- are the needs, wants, interests, and desires that propel or drive people in certain directions.

• -Instinct theory: we are motivated by our inborn automated behaviors

     Biological motives- hunger, thirst, sex. Sleep excretory

    Social motives- achievements order play autonomy affiliation

                 -Drive theory- biological internal motivation (Homeostasis)

·                 -Incentive theory- environmental motivation (no as much homeostasis more outside factors

*drive reduction theory

- DRT when individuals experience a need or drive they’re motivated to reduce that need or drive

-therefore drive theories believe that the source of motivation lies within the person (not from the environment)

·         Arousal- level of alertness, wakefulness, and activation in the CNS

       -the optimal level of arousal varies with the person and the activity

·         

Biological Basis of hunger

-hunger doesn't come from the stomach

-it comes from the brain it comes from the hypothalamus

motivation- hunger

·         -Glucose

-the form of sugar that circulates in the blood

- provides the major source of energy for body tissues

-glucose low: hunger

-Glucose high: feel full

-Body chemistry

-the hormone insulin coverts glucose to fat

- When glucose levels drop- hunger increase

Hypothalamus

·         -Lateral Hypothalamus

-When stimulated it makes you hungry

- When lesioned (Destroyed) you will never be hungry again

·         Ventromedial Hypothalamus

                       -when stimulated you feel full

-when lesioned you will never feel full again

 Hunger 

-eating for survival vs. eating for pleasure

-tasty food is more likely to be eaten even when full (Palatability)

-environmental cues matter

1. Commercials

2. Odors

3. Talking about it

Social Relations

-How do we relate to others?

• Prejudice-An unjustifiable attitude towards a group of people

            - Stereotype- a generalized belief about a group of people 

• Social inequalities

           -Ingroup-People with whom one shares a common identity

           -Outgroup-Those perceives as different than ones in the ingroup

           -Ingroup bias-The tendency to favor ones own group

• Scapegoat Theory- Theory that prejudice provides on outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
• Aggression-Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy 
• Frustration-Aggressive Principle-Blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal
• Conflict-Perceived incompatibility of actions goals or ideas
• Prisoners Dilemma-Situation where people must chose between an act that is beneficial to themselves but harmful to others and act that is moderately to all
• Attraction

         - Proximity-Geographic nearness

             repeated exposure to something

         -Reciprocal liking-You are more likely to like someone who likes you

         -Similarity-opposites do attract

         -Liking though Association

         -Physical Attractiveness

• Love

         -Passionate-An aroused state of intense positive absorption of another

         -Compassionate-the deep affectionate attraction we feel for those with whom are in our lives

• Altruism-unselfish regard for the welfare of others

          - Bystander effect-less willing to help if there are other bystanders around

• Social Exchange Theory-The idea that our social behaviors is an exchange process which we maximize benefits and minimize the cost
• Peacemaking- Giving people super ordinate(shared goals)that can only be achieved thought cooperation

           -GRIT-(Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension)-Win win  situation

Social Psychology 

•the study of how we think about influence and relate to one another

• social thinking- How we think about one another

• Attribution Theory- Idea that we give a casual explanation for someone's behavior

   Ex:The kid acts up at school and the mother says that he acts that way because his dad die.

• Fundamental Attribution Error-Tendency to underestimate the impact of a situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

• Attitudes -A belief or feeling that predisposed one to respond in a particular way to something 

• Foot-in-the door Phenomenon-.the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

• Door-in-face Phenomenon-The tendency for people who say no to a huge request to comply with a smaller one
• Cognitive Dissonance Theory-We don't like when we have either conflicting attitudes or when our attitudes do not match our actions.

• Conformity-Adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
• Social Facilitation-Improved performance of tasks in the presence of others
• Yerkes-Dodson law-There is an optimal level of arousal for the best performance of any task 
• Social Loafing-Tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling efforts toward a common goal than if they were individually accountable
• Deindividuation-Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in groups situations that foster arousal and anonymity
• Group Polarization-concept that a groups attitude is one of extremes and rarely moderate 
• Group think-mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides common sense
• Self-Fulfilling Prophecies-Occurs when one person belief about others leads one to act in ways that induce the others to appear to confirm the belief